Martyrs? Bacchanalia? Chaucer? Delving into the murky origins of Valentine’s Day

Martyrs? Bacchanalia? Chaucer? Delving into the murky origins of Valentine’s Day

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 The history of Valentine’s Day is steeped in mystery, with several theories about its origins, some darker than others. The most common belief ties it to Lupercalia, a Roman festival in mid-February involving fertility rites and purifications. However, scholars like Elizabeth White Nelson argue that the connection to St. Valentine was fabricated centuries later, with no direct evidence linking the two.

Saint Valentine’s identity is unclear, with at least 50 different saints bearing the name, and one legend suggests a priest martyred for secretly marrying couples during Emperor Claudius II’s reign. The Catholic Church later removed him as the primary saint of the holiday in 1969, officially making it a day for Saints Cyril and Methodius instead.

The association of Valentine’s Day with love is credited to Geoffrey Chaucer, who in the 14th century linked the day to romance in a poem celebrating King Richard II’s engagement. Over time, the holiday evolved, with customs like poetry, cards, and chocolates becoming popular by the 18th century. Despite critiques about commercialization, Valentine’s Day endures as a celebration of love, especially during the cold winter months, offering a reason to rejoice.

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